Here at Wycliffe Village Veterinary Clinic, we offer a variety of vaccinations to ensure your pets are protected from common viruses and diseases. The vaccinations we use help to create an immune reaction and produce antibodies against certain types of viruses and diseases. Our veterinarians have put together the recommended core vaccines for all dogs to receive regularly, as well as, elective vaccinations that may be recommended depending on your pet’s lifestyle. We also offer an alternative to the traditional once a year core vaccine schedule; while annual examinations are always recommended.

What types of vaccinations do you offer for adult dogs?
Vaccines are often combined to make it less stressful on your pet. For dogs, core vaccines include; DHPP/DAP and rabies. Non-core vaccines include; leptospirosis and bordatella. DHPP is an acronym for distemper, hepatitis, parvovirus, and parainfluenza, DAP is an acronym for distemper, adenovirus, and parainfluenza. The most common disease that pet owners are aware of is rabies, which is usually carried through the saliva of an infected animal, rabies can be transmitted to most mammals, including humans. Parvovirus attacks the white blood cells in the body, which are extremely important to our immune system, making the pet vulnerable to other infections. Distemper is another highly contagious and often fatal disease for dogs. It is usually spread by direct dog to dog contact but can be spread via coughing and sneezing over short distances. Canine Hepatitis and Adenovirus causes infections and inflammation of the liver, which can be transmitted through urine or the nose and eye discharge of an infected animal, usually by direct contact. Parainfluenza and bordatella are both diseases that affect the respiratory tract, also commonly known as kennel cough. Finally, leptospirosis is a bacterial disease of the liver and kidneys that can affect dogs as well as other mammals, including people, though it is usually carried by rats and other wild rodents. Preventing these serious and contagious diseases not only makes it safer for your pet but for others as well.

Is there a schedule for how often to vaccinate a dog?
Your veterinarian will tailor a vaccination schedule to suit your pet’s needs. For many years, a set of annual vaccinations was considered normal and necessary for dogs and cats. Veterinarians have since learned more about diseases and pets’ immune symptoms, with increasing evidence that immunity triggered by some vaccines provides protection beyond one year. Here at Wycliffe Village Veterinary Clinic, we recommend that puppies get a series of vaccines at 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age. Following their puppy series, we will be vaccinating once yearly, with a specific rotation of vaccinations best suited to your pet’s requirements.

Why is it important to vaccinate your dog?
Pets should be vaccinated to protect them from many highly contagious and deadly diseases. Experts agree that widespread use of vaccines within the last century has prevented death and disease in millions of animals. Even though some formerly common diseases have now become uncommon, vaccination is still highly recommended, due to these serious disease agents being continuously present in the environment today.

How much do dog vaccinations cost?
Our annual vaccinations include an examination, DAP (distemper, adenovirus and parainfluenza) and rabies vaccination. Additional vaccinations may be recommended based on a thorough lifestyle evaluation with our medical team. These vaccinations include bordetella (a kennel cough), leptospirosis and Lyme disease. Bordetella, leptospirosis or Lyme can be given separately from your pet’s annual visit, including an examination. Please feel free to contact us at any time and we will be happy to assist you in creating a vaccination schedule for your pet as well as a quote for your visit.

Ideally taking place at 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age, booster vaccinations are crucial in assuring your puppy will have a healthy and happy start in life. Every veterinarian will have a preferred protocol for vaccinating puppies, in addition, protocols change because of new research.

What vaccinations do you offer to new puppies?
Here are at Wycliffe Village Veterinary Clinic, our first puppy consult consist of a full head to toe examination by one of our veterinarians, core vaccines (DAPP) and a question and answer session with one of our veterinary technicians. We will also provide you with a puppy kit to take home.

Why is it important to properly vaccinate your puppy?
Vaccines are what we use to force the body to create an immune reaction and antibodies to a particular disease. This trigger of the immune system helps prevent future infection, should the animal come in contact with that disease. It is generally recommended to start vaccinating puppies at the age of 8-weeks-old. While they do get some antibodies from their mother’s milk, it doesn’t protect them for very long, this is why we start vaccines at 8 weeks of age, which helps to compensate. Puppies require a series of vaccines because it is difficult to tell exactly when the mother’s antibodies cease to be effective. This way we prevent there from being a large period of time where they aren’t protected at all. Vaccines are often combined to make it less stressful on your pet. For smaller breeds, we sometimes split the vaccines 1 week apart. If you are starting off late, you will still need to booster the vaccines, which means to get another vaccination of the same type 3 to 4 weeks later.

What is an appropriate schedule for puppy vaccinations?
8 Week (1st set) -DHPP
12 Week (2nd set) – DHPP, discretionary leptospirosis, discretionary bordatella, discretionary Lyme
16 Week (3rd set) — DHPP, rabies, discretionary leptospirosis, discretionary bordatella, discretionary Lyme.

How should you prepare your puppy for its first vaccination visit?
Yay, you got a new puppy! Now it is time to get him or her to the veterinarian for vaccines. How do you prepare? Firstly, make sure the timing is right. Puppies should have their first vaccines at about 8-weeks-old, but many breeders, rescues and shelters provide the first vaccine for you. You should have a health record that you were given with the puppy, which should tell you if this has been done. If so, get ready for the 12-week boosters! Secondly, educate yourself. What does DHPP stand for? Why is deworming recommended for all puppies? Why are the bordetella (kennel cough) and leptosporosis vaccines recommended, but not required? That way, you can be more knowledgeable and involved in your puppy’s veterinary visit, and know what questions to ask. And speaking of questions, get them ready. Write down any concerns you might have with a new puppy. We can answer anything from why he may be itchy, to how to get house training down pat, and how to stop her from chewing everything in sight! Our veterinarians and veterinary technicians can help get you started on the right foot with your new family member!

How much do puppy vaccinations cost?
Core vaccines include a full physical exam, DHPP, and when it is time to administer, rabies. Based on the history and lifestyle of your new puppy, your doctor may recommend bordatella (often heard as kennel cough), and leptospirosis vaccines for an additional fee per vaccine. Please feel free to contact us at any time and we will be happy to assist you in creating a vaccine schedule for your pet, as well as a quote for your visit.

Wycliffe Village Veterinary Clinic, we care a lot about the dental and oral health of your pet. Dirty teeth, gum infection, broken and damaged teeth and oral pain are common and can affect many different organ systems within your pet’s body. For that reason, we recommend annual dental examinations, so we can thoroughly assess your pet’s dental health. If your pet is showing signs of dental disease such as, but not limited to, bad breath, pawing at the face, reduced appetite or chewing, or red and bleeding gums, come in for a dental examination with a technician or mention these concerns during your examination with a veterinarian. We would be happy to review options to improve your pet’s dental health at that time.

What types of dental care for dogs do you offer at your clinic?
At Wycliffe Village Veterinary Clinic, we provide a wide range of dental services. This may include preventative measures, like starting them on a dental food, providing daily dental treats, utilizing a water additive, or demonstrating and giving tips on how to brush your dog’s teeth. If prevention is not enough, we can perform a dental “prophy” (also known as a cleaning) under anesthesia to remove tartar and calculus and return the teeth to their original pearly white state. This includes charting, scaling, and polishing the teeth, just like at the human dentist! In some cases, teeth have to be removed, or “extracted” if they are too diseased, fractured, or if the roots are resorbed. In which case, a veterinarian does this under anesthesia at the same time as the prophy. We also have dental radiography on-site, in case x-rays are needed to see the roots below the gum line.

How often should you brush your dog’s teeth?
Here at Wycliffe Village Veterinary Clinic, we recommend that you brush your dog’s teeth every 1-2 days. This is about the time it takes for the soft plaque on your dog’s teeth to turn into hard tartar. Plaque is easy to remove with brushing, where tartar is much more difficult, almost impossible to remove completely. Getting rid of the plaque before it has a chance to turn into tartar is the secret to keeping your dog’s teeth happy, healthy and white! Tip: brush your dog’s teeth as part of your daily routine (like when you brush yours at night), and it becomes easier to remember!

Why is oral and dental health important?
Your dog’s teeth may seem like a minor part of their body, but dental health can have a huge impact on their overall health and well being. Plaque and tartar can cause dental disease, which is associated with many problems, including pain, which can affect their appetite and mood. Bacteria in the mouth can travel in the bloodstream to affect other organs, including the heart and kidneys, and it also makes their breath smell very foul, which can make those wonderful doggy kisses not so nice. The rest of the mouth is also important to take care of, gum inflammation, masses, and infections affecting the eyes and nose can also be prevented and treated with good oral health care.

The staff at Wycliffe Village Veterinary Clinic are not only here to help you and your pet through the good times and bad times, but also the stinky times! Anal glands are sac-like glands that are approximately located at 4 and 8 o’clock around the anus. The anal glands are a secretion used for marking the pet’s territory, but also to lubricate their bowel movements. The anal glands typically empty on their own when your pet defecates, or sometimes your pet will release a very foul smelling liquid from them if they become scared. Sometimes, pets do not empty their anal glands naturally and need assistance through an anal gland expression.

Should I drain my dog’s anal glands at home?
We would not recommend you do your pet’s anal glands at home, they can be very painful or even impacted. We would not want you to cause damage to your pet, or for your pet to bite you.

If my dog scoots on the carpet a lot, does this mean their anal glands are impacted?
Just because your pet is scooting, does not always indicate that there is an anal gland problem. There could be something else going on causing them to scoot as well, please give us a call to book an appointment!

Pets are great companions and are even known to aid people with healing and stress reduction. But when your beloved companion’s quality of life is in question, is it time to say goodbye?

What is pet euthanasia and how do I know when the right time is?
Humane Pet Euthanasia is a procedure that humanely aids and assists a pet in death, to end suffering. Knowing when the time is right to assist your pet on their journey is a difficult question and the answer is different for each individual pet owner. Some things to consider are what is your pet’s quality of life? Are they still mobile, eating and drinking? Do you think your pet is in pain? Are they still able to do the things they love? Is their declining health starting to affect your bond and relationship in a negative way?

Can I say goodbye to my pet in the comfort of our home?
Pet euthanasia can be done in the comfort of your own home by a veterinarian that provides house call services. Unfortunately, we do not perform house call visits here at Wycliffe Village Veterinary Clinic.

What drug is used?
A highly concentrated injectable drug compound called Sodium Pentobarbital is given intravenously.

What is the cost of euthanasia?
The cost of euthanasia ranges based on species, the size of pet and different aftercare options, such as an urn or paw print. Aftercare options can be seen at www.gatewaypetmemorial.com

Is euthanasia painful for dogs?
The put to sleep process is almost completely painless. Putting a pet to sleep is a two-step practice and Dr. Mankarious will compassionately walk you step by step through this tough time. This decision is never an easy one to make but the team at Wycliffe Village Veterinary Clinic will be there to support you through it.

Fleas and ticks are very common external parasites for our pets. Fleas are small insects that feed off the blood of its host, usually mammals or birds. Ticks are small ectoparasites that also live on the blood of its host, mammals, birds, sometimes even reptiles and amphibians.

How can you tell if your dog has fleas & ticks?
There are a few ways to know if your dog has fleas or ticks. With fleas, your dog will most likely be scratching constantly and restless. With ticks, you will see the tick stuck to the pet and you have to take precaution when removing the tick. We highly recommend seeing your veterinarian for any removal of these parasites.

How do you prevent fleas & ticks in dogs?
Some ways to prevent fleas and ticks is to use preventative medication. They come in a variety of formulations. Recommendations can be made based on your dog's specific needs.

What are the treatment options for ticks in dogs?
It is recommended to have a veterinary technician remove the tick. This is to ensure that the head of the ticks is not embedded since that can cause more issues. It is also highly recommended to have the tick tested to see if they are carriers of disease.

Heartworm is a very serious parasite that resides in the major blood vessels around the heart and within the heart itself. They breed and multiply within the heart, and release infectious larva into the bloodstream. It can cause major heart and lung problems, as the worms grow and fill the heart and vessels. It can be very hard and take a long time to treat and cure, with very serious potential complications. Testing is inexpensive and easy, with just a small amount of blood being tested to look for larva. Yearly testing is highly recommended for all dogs over the age of 6 months and is required to receive a prescription for heartworm prevention. Heartworm prevention is available for dogs in both topical and oral formulations and often prevents other internal and external parasites, such as fleas, roundworm, and mites. While heartworm historically is rare or absent in southwestern Ontario, it is on the rise as hotter temperatures are encouraging the breeding and proliferation of mosquitos, and the disease spreads from the United States, where it is much more common.

What are the symptoms of heartworms in a dog?
Since the worms reside in the heart and major vessels around the heart and lungs, the symptoms are often related to these organs. They include coughing, resistance or inability to exercise for long, fatigue, weight loss and occasionally loss of appetite. These symptoms often get worse as the disease progresses, and will eventually lead to heart failure, but it is possible to have little to no symptoms for a long period of time; this is why it is important to test your dog yearly to catch the disease in its early stages.

How do dogs get heartworm?
Heartworm is a parasite carried through the bite of the common mosquito. After the mosquito bites an infected animal (which can include domestic dogs, foxes, coyotes, and wolves), it carries the blood with the heartworm larva in its body. The larva enters the bloodstream when the mosquito bites a second animal, and the larvae are transferred into the bloodstream. They then grow and once adults, reside in the heart and major blood vessels around it to start creating larvae of their own.

What are the treatment options for heartworms?
The current treatment protocol for heartworm involves two months of heartworm preventative and antibiotics to kill the immature worms and prevent worsening of the disease. Then, three injections of an adulticide called melarsomine are given over the course of one month to kill the adult worms in the heart. The dog must be in the hospital for monitoring for these injections since complications can arise as the worms die and travel throughout the body, through the blood vessels. After the treatment is finished, rechecks and testing for heartworms and their larvae must occur before the patient is considered cured. The entire process takes about 9 months. In rare cases, surgery to remove the worms directly from the heart and major blood vessels can be performed.

Why is recovery and heartworm treatment challenging?
Throughout the entire treatment process, the pet must be kept calm and activity restricted. Keeping the animal in a small room or even crated at all times may be necessary, as increased activity, heart rate, or breathing rate can increase damage to the heart and major blood vessels. Short, leash-only walks are also required, as is keeping the dog out of hot temperatures. This must continue throughout the treatment process, and up to 2 months after the last adulticide injection, which means about 5 months of these new restrictions!

Serious complications are also possible due to the death of the parasites in the heart and bloodstream. The body can overreact to these “foreign invaders,” which is why antihistamines and steroids are often prescribed. The deceased worms can also block blood vessels that lead to the lungs, which can be life-threatening. This is the reason very strict exercise restrictions are put in place, as it greatly reduces the risk.

Did you know Wycliffe Village Veterinary Clinic offers nail trimming and ear cleaning? This can be done by one of our veterinary technicians for a nominal fee. Our knowledgeable veterinary technicians will be able to help you determine if your dog will need to see a veterinarian regarding your dog’s ear concern or that pesky ingrown nail.

How often should I cut my dog’s nails?
Here at Wycliffe Village Veterinary Clinic, we recommend that nails should be done every 4 weeks, although some dogs do need to have their nails done more frequently. The veterinary technician will be able to determine if the nails should be done more often.

How can I keep my dog’s nails short?
There are a few ways to help keep your dog’s nails short! Try taking them for a long walk on the sidewalk after they have a fresh manicure and pedicure, walking on the pavement will help to file their nails down. Taking your pet for more frequent nail trims will help to reduce the length of the quick, the blood supply within the nail, therefore allowing for shorter nail trims with each visit!

How often should my dog have their ear’s cleaned?
Your dog’s ears should be cleaned every 1-2 weeks, or after swimming and bathing. Some dogs do need to have their ears cleaned more often, our wonderful veterinary technicians will be able to help you with this.

Deciding on whether to spay and neuter your pet is an important decision. Some of the benefits besides overpopulation in strays and overcrowded shelters include your pet living a longer life. Dogs can live on average 1-3 years longer and felines 3-5 years longer if spayed and neutered. Spaying your pet can help prevent breast cancer, pyometra and uterine infections, while neutering helps prevent testicular cancer, aggression and roaming. There are many great benefits to having your pet spayed and neutered, Here at Wycliffe Village Veterinary Clinic, we are dedicated to making sure your pets live the most healthy and enjoyable life possible. We are here to answer any questions and relieve any doubts you may have with regards to having your pet spayed and neutered.

What does neutering/spaying a dog do?
Spaying or neutering a dog is a surgical procedure that is the removal of the reproductive organs. For a female dog, this procedure is referred to as “spaying,” which involves the surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus. For a male dog, this procedure is referred to as “neutering,” which involves the surgical removal of both testicles. The spay or neuter procedure prevents the dog from conceiving or contributing to conceiving puppies.

Why is it important to neuter/spay my dog?
It is important to neuter/spay your dog to help prevent future health issues and to help detour unwanted behaviours later in life. In female dogs, spaying can prevent your dog from going into heat, as well as help her live a longer life with fewer chances of having uterine infections and breast cancer, which can be fatal in 50% of dogs and 90% of cats. Neutering your male dog can help prevent your dog from wandering away from home to find a mate, as well as, aid in detouring the behaviour of marking their territory by spraying strong-smelling urine all over the house. Neutering and/or spaying your pet is the most cost-effective way of keeping your pet healthy and spending the money at the beginning to spay or neuter your pet can save you a lot of unnecessary expenses later in your pet’s life! Prevention is always better than a treatment plan!

How old should a dog be before neutering/spaying?
It is recommended that dogs be neutered or spayed at approximately 6 months of age. For female dogs, this is preferably done before their first heat cycle. It is recommended that all pets be up to date with their vaccines prior to having any medical procedures done.

How much does it cost to neuter/spay a dog?
In order to spay or neuter your pet, we would start with a pre-operative examination with one of our veterinarians, before admitting the patient to the hospital for the procedure. At the time of the exam, or prior, we ask that the vaccination certificate is provided to ensure that the patient is up to date on the required core vaccinations. The procedure includes hospitalization,pre surgery blood test to ensure that your dog can handle anesthesia, IV fluids, and anesthesia maintenance. We also include home care, which would consist of a custom care collar to prevent them from licking at their incision As well, some post op pain relief medications. Follow up recheck examination is recommended to be done in 10-14 DAYS after the procedure to ensure that your pet has healed up nicely. A nail trim will also be done while every patient is under sedation.

Please do not hesitate to give us a call with any additional questions, or to have the appointment booked for the procedure. One of our customer care representatives will be able to provide you with a treatment plan and cost for the procedure once they acquire your pet’s details, including sex and approximate weight.

Wycliffe Village Veterinary Clinic offers high-quality digital radiographs (x-rays) to aid in the diagnosis of many different diseases.

How do you use x-ray and radiology services at your clinic?
At Wycliffe Village Veterinary Clinic, our veterinarians utilize radiographs (x-rays) to evaluate bone and soft tissues such as the heart, lungs, and abdominal organs for abnormalities. Common problems diagnosed with radiographs are fractured bones, arthritis, hip/elbow dysplasia, congestive heart failure, pneumonia, tumours, gastrointestinal obstructions and much more.

How do you prepare your dog for their x-ray and ultrasound appointment?
Many patients that will require radiographs, will have them recommended when they are visiting the veterinary hospital for illnesses or lameness. Some patients are able to have radiographs without sedation. However, some patients are not as relaxed or are in pain and require sedation to facilitate proper radiographs. Patients are admitted to the hospital for a short stay to be sedated and radiographed. If you are scheduling an appointment for radiographs, you will likely be asked to fast your pet for 12 hours prior to the appointment.

How much do dog x-ray and ultrasound examinations cost?
We recommend coming in to see one of our veterinarians to create a treatment plan that is tailored to your pet.

A microchip is a very important form of identification for your dog. A microchip is the size of a grain of rice, that is implanted under the skin, between your dog’s shoulder blades. Often times, a microchip is mistaken for a form of ‘GPS tracking.’ In order for the microchip to function properly, the owner must ensure that they keep their phone number and address current with the company that they are registered to, so if your dog goes missing and is brought into either a veterinary clinic or a shelter by a citizen, the identification number that is scanned will be able to be connected to your information for the safe retrieval of your pet.

Why is it important to ensure my dog is microchipped?
Microchipping is a way to identify your pet if they happen to get lost or stolen. This method of tracking is great to use, as the implant is placed underneath their skin and cannot be lost, or removed like a collar can.

How does a microchip work and is it safe?
Microchipping works by implanting a small chip that is the size of a grain of rice under the skin at the back of the neck. This procedure can be performed while your pet is awake at any visit to the hospital. However, some owners prefer to have this procedure done when their pet is in for their spay/neuter procedure, as they are already under anesthesia and will not even feel the injection when the chip is placed. Any pets that are found by animal services, or brought into a veterinary facility, will always be checked for a microchip.

The device placed is safe and does not create any harm to your pet. They do not even know it has been placed, nor does it bother them after the procedure. Remember the most important part of your pet’s microchip functioning optimally is keeping your personal information up to date with the microchip company, so that if your pet is found you will be contacted quickly.

How much does it cost to microchip a dog?
This procedure provides you and your pet with a safety net if an unfortunate situation arises, a piece of mind that your pet is traceable back to you is priceless! Please contact us at 905-731-8387 and we will be more than happy to assist you

Keeping your dog at a healthy weight is one of the best things you can do to improve his or her life. Being at a higher than ideal weight can affect their mobility, organ function, and overall quality and length of life. Staying on top of their weight is not difficult if you start early and stick to it. This includes feeding the right food on the right schedule, avoiding table scraps or too many treats, and getting lots of daily exercises. As always, your veterinarian or a veterinary technician can guide you and help make the right decisions for your pet!

When is a dog considered to be overweight?
A dog is overweight when its Body Condition Score (or BCS), is above 3 out of 5. You can find this out by visiting your veterinarian, or there are some easy ways to do this at home. When you place your hand on your dog’s rib cage and apply a small amount of pressure, you should be able to feel the ribs. If you can feel ribs without putting pressure, your dog may be underweight. If you have to apply heavy pressure to feel ribs, or cannot feel them at all, your dog is overweight. This rule does not work for some breeds that are naturally skinnier or heavier. You should also be able to see a narrowing at the waist when looking from above, and an abdominal tuck in front of the back legs, when viewed from the side. If these are not present, it is likely that your dog is overweight.

Are some breeds prone to obesity?
Any dog can be overweight, including purebreds, mixed breeds, breeds that are naturally skinny or heavier, and young or old dogs. However, some breeds, because of their tendency to overeat, or their tendency to be more inactive and have slower immune systems, are overweight more often. These breeds include Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, Dachshunds, Pugs, Beagles, Bulldogs, and Cocker Spaniels. There are two things to remember, however. Most dogs seen in veterinary clinics are some degree of overweight, and even dogs within these “at-risk” breeds can be a lovely, healthy weight!

Why should you have weight loss and management consultation at the clinic?
Nutrition and weight loss consultations with a veterinarian or veterinary technician are important steps in the life of your pet. As mentioned previously, most pets that we see are some degree of overweight, and being overweight can negatively affect your pet’s health and life in many ways. In this appointment, we will discuss your current feeding routines and diets and how we can take steps to improve their overall nutrition. You will also receive a plan of action to achieve weight loss goals if needed. Please call us to book an appointment for further discussion with our veterinarian or a technician.

Senior dogs come in all shapes and sizes. Nutrition, lifestyle, and genetics all play a part in the ageing process, just like people. Starting them off right with, regular check-ups, good nutrition and regular exercise will help prolong your pet’s life. You may notice signs of ageing and have the common misconception that they are just “getting older.” Sometimes, the symptoms that we just shrug off to an ageing pet can actually be signs of treatable diseases. There is so much we can do to help keep them healthier and happier longer!

When does a dog become a senior?
Depending on the breed of dog you have, will depend on when they are considered a senior. Small dogs are considered senior at age 10-11, where giant breed dogs are around 5-6 years of age. A general rule would be any pet over the age of 7 years of age should be monitored for changes and its medical care and lifestyle should be tailored accordingly.

What are common senior dog health issues?
Common senior dog health issues are dental disease, arthritis, kidney disease, liver disease, heart disease, eye disorders, endocrine disorders and cancer.

How should I care for my senior dog?
Senior dogs should be seen every 6 months for a complete physical examination and consultation with a veterinarian. This examination will include blood testing to help give the doctor an internal picture of how your pet’s organs are functioning. This will help us catch most diseases before they are uncontrollable. Early detection can help slow down the disease process and have your senior dog spending their golden years with you.

Here at Wycliffe Village Veterinary Clinic, we offer many different surgeries for our canine friends, such as neuters, dental cleanings, dental extractions, eye surgeries, mass removals, and much more. Please do not hesitate to give us a call !.

What is included with surgeries?
Here at Wycliffe Village Veterinary Clinic, our routine surgery prices include: a pre-operative physical examination, intravenous fluids, surgical monitoring, routine surgery, post-operative monitoring, post-operative pain medications, a custom care collar to prevent injury to the incision and follow-up care as recommended.